Novel Observation: Northern Cardinal (<i>Cardinalis cardinalis</i>) Perches on an Invasive Jorō Spider (<i>Trichonephila clavata</i>) Web and Steals Food

Abstract

An invasive spider (Trichonephila clavata [L. Koch 1878], or jorō spider) is rapidly expanding throughout the southeast of the United States, engendering many questions about how native fauna will be affected. Here, we describe an observation of a northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis, L.) consuming prey items from a jorō web, which serves as an example of a native species deriving a (small) benefit from this new invader. Moreover, the manner of the kleptoparasitism is also noteworthy; the cardinal perched directly on the web, which supported its weight (which is 42–48 g in this species). This appears to be the first documented case of a spider web supporting a perching bird. We also include measurements of other jorō webs, where web strength had been assessed using a force gauge, which revealed that typical webs can support masses up to 70 g before collapsing. Collectively, this information adds to the small but growing body of knowledge about the biology of this non-native spider.

Keywords

• <i>Trichonephila clavata</i>
• jorō spider
• invasive
• northern cardinal
• web strength