Bismuth Film-Coated Gold Ultramicroelectrode Array for Simultaneous Quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
Sandra Enn D. Bahinting,
Analiza P. Rollon,
Sergi Garcia-Segura,
Vince Carlo C. Garcia,
Benny Marie B. Ensano,
Ralf Ruffel M. Abarca,
Jurng-Jae Yee,
Mark Daniel G. de Luna
Affiliations
Sandra Enn D. Bahinting
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
Analiza P. Rollon
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
Sergi Garcia-Segura
Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
Vince Carlo C. Garcia
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
Benny Marie B. Ensano
University Core Research Center for Disaster-free and Safe Ocean City Construction, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
Ralf Ruffel M. Abarca
Environmental Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
Jurng-Jae Yee
Department of Architectural Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
Mark Daniel G. de Luna
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
The widespread presence of heavy metals in drinking water sources arises as a major health concern, particularly in developing countries. The development of low-cost and reliable detection techniques is identified as a societal need to provide affordable water quality control. Herein, a bismuth film-coated gold ultramicroelectrode array (BF-UMEA) was used for the detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples via square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Experimental parameters such as deposition time, Bi(III) concentration, acetate buffer concentration, pH, square wave frequency, amplitude, and step potential were all varied to determine their effects on the current peak intensities of the target metal ions. Ten-fold excess in the concentration of interferences was found to cause a decrease in the stripping peak areas of Cd(II) and Pb(II) in the following order of magnitude: benzene −1 for Pb(II) and Cd(II), respectively. These results demonstrate the potential use of a BF-UMEA in SWASV for the trace quantification of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in water samples.
