Intraoperative detection of second inferior vena cava during para‐aortic lymphadenectomy for advanced‐staged ovarian cancer: Lessons to be learned

Abstract

Abstract As the presence of second inferior vena cava may alter the extent of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy, early preoperative imaging diagnosis is of great significance to avoid intraoperative difficulties.

Keywords

• left renal vein
• ovarian cancer
• para‐aortic lymphadenectomy
• preoperative imaging
• Second inferior vena cava