Litho-Stratigraphic Mapping of the Bajalia Anticline, Missan Governorate by Using Digital Image Processing of Landsat-9 Imagery

Abstract

A combination of digital image processing and field works provides a vision into differentiating between the rock units, in addition to the contacts among them. Landsat 9 was used to plot a detailed geological map of the study area, located in Al-Teeb city at Bajalia anticline, Missan Governorate, Southeast of Iraq. The digital image processing included geometric correction, image enhancement, image classification, use of false-color composite technology and the selection of the best combination represented by RGB 741. Band ratios were applied, which is the most appropriate in detecting the rocks type and determining the dimensions of the geological formations through the spectral reflectivity curve of sandstone. It was the best of them (RGB 4/2, 7/5, 6/2). For the purpose of optimizing the results of band ratio, they were combined into a color image for the purpose of distinguishing the most considerable amount of information, as well as conducting the principal component analysis. These processors were used to increase the spectral differences to facilitate the process of visual interpretation because in most cases the spectral fingerprints of the terrestrial features are similar and difficult to distinguish, in addition to saving the time and effort required to conduct them. After performing the matching process between the results of the digital and field interpretation, the results were good, represented by drawing a geological map of the anticline.