The Concepts of Takfir –Excommunation - and - Heresy – Tabdi’a in Islamic and Christian Relegions: a Historical and Anthropogical Study

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to show the scientific and hisorical basics of the concepts of takfir –excommucation-and -heresy-tabdi’a in the islamic and christian thoughts. Through history of both religions, it began with simple discussions about religious matters and then escaled into violent bloody conflicts. In order to know the sources of these concepts that are still used in the religious and social fields. Thus, these concepts expressed the intolerance and inability of coexitence peacefully between different sects. Attributing the terms of (exit,schism and heresy) to the other party. At the same time, it is not possible to understand these concepts unless we make a study over the contemporary political and social conditions. Keywords: Takfir ; Islam ; Christianity : Heresy ; Tabdi’a ; Khuruj .