Exploring health-seeking behaviour and healthcare utilization among the Temiar Orang Asli (indigenous people) in Kuala Kangsar, Malaysia

Abstract

This study examines health-seeking behavior and healthcare utilization among the Temiar sub-tribe of the Orang Asli in Kuala Kangsar, Malaysia, with a focus on health literacy and sociodemographic factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 404 Temiar adults using a structured questionnaire. Of the participants, 50.7% preferred modern healthcare, while 42.3% reported using both modern and traditional treatments. Multivariable logistic regression identified significant predictors of modern treatment preference, including chronic health conditions (aOR = 3.51; 95% CI: 2.02–6.10; p < 0.001), suburban residence (aOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.27–3.65; p = 0.005), and male gender (aOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19–0.74; p = 0.005). In the linear regression model, older age (≥40 years) was associated with higher healthcare utilization (β = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.84–1.58; p < 0.001), while good health literacy was associated with fewer visits (β = −0.59; 95% CI: −1.01 to −0.16; p = 0.01). Despite ongoing government outreach, barriers such as low health literacy and geographic isolation persist. These findings highlight the need for culturally tailored health education and improved healthcare accessibility.

Keywords

• Health-Seeking Behavior
• Healthcare Utilization
• Indigenous Health
• Health Literacy
• community health worker