Disparity in diabetic eye complications among racial/ethnic minorities: an analysis of the 2009–2018 United States Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of diabetic eye complications among the United States (US) adults and examine the differences across racial and ethnic groups. Methods: Using the 2009–2018 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) data, this study included adults with diabetes conditions. Patients were grouped into African Americans, Hispanics, and Whites based on self-reported identity. The rate of diabetic eye complications was reported and compared across racial/ethnic groups. This study applied multivariable logistic regression models to examine dilated eye exam attendance, and the completion of American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended guidelines for diabetes care across racial/ethnic groups. Results: This study identified 8,080 patients with diabetic eye complications, which represented a national estimation of 4.12 million US adults according to MEPS data. Among diabetic patients, Hispanics (18.78%) and African Americans (18.18%) had higher rates of eye complications than Whites (12.71%). After adjusting relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical variables, the multivariable model found that Hispanics and African Americans had 1.63 and 1.61 times more likely to have diabetic eye complications compared to Whites. In addition, African Americans were 29% less likely to complete all of the ADA-recommended processes of diabetes care than White patients. Conclusions: Compared to White patients, Hispanics and African Americans were more likely to have diabetic eye complications and were less likely to manage diabetes appropriately. Healthcare providers and policymakers should promote interventions and education programs accordingly to prevent and reduce the development of eye complications among minorities.

Keywords

• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetes complications
• Eye complications
• Racial disparities