Current trends in neurocritical care: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Neurocritical care has evolved significantly by integrating technological advances, therapeutic innovations, and multidisciplinary approaches to enhance outcomes in patients with severe neurological conditions. Continuous neuromonitoring using tools like electroencephalogram and intracranial pressure monitoring offers real-time data on brain function, aiding in the early detection of complications. Additionally, advanced imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography perfusion scans have revolutionized the diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury and stroke. Therapeutic innovations such as targeted temperature management aim to minimize secondary brain damage by controlling the body temperature, and neuroprotective agents are being explored to reduce cellular damage in acute brain injuries. Emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence and wearable devices, are becoming integral to patient monitoring and predictive care models, and telemedicine ensures access to expert consultations, especially in remote settings. These advancements have fostered a multidisciplinary care model in which neurologists, intensivists, and rehabilitation specialists collaborate, using protocol-driven approaches to enhance patient survival and recovery rates. However, challenges, such as resource limitations, ethical dilemmas in end-of-life care, and disparities in access to advanced technologies, persist. Addressing these issues requires ongoing research and investments to ensure equitable and effective care. Looking forward, the field will benefit from optimizing resource utilization, refining neuroprotective strategies, and addressing the ethical considerations that are crucial for the sustainable development of neurocritical care practices.

Keywords

• critical care
• neurologic manifestations
• intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
• induced hypothermia
• technology
• therapeutics