Could Supercritical Extracts from the Aerial Parts of <i>Helianthus salicifolius</i> A. Dietr. and <i>Helianthus tuberosus</i> L. Be Regarded as Potential Raw Materials for Biocidal Purposes?
Anna Malm,
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk,
Anna Biernasiuk,
Tomasz Baj,
Edward Rój,
Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz,
Agnieszka Dębczak,
Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski,
Michał Krzyżaniak,
Ewelina Olba-Zięty
Affiliations
Anna Malm
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Agnieszka Grzegorczyk
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Anna Biernasiuk
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Tomasz Baj
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Edward Rój
Supercritical Extraction Department, Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz
Supercritical Extraction Department, Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
Agnieszka Dębczak
Supercritical Extraction Department, Łukasiewicz Research Network—New Chemical Syntheses Institute, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 13A, 24-110 Puławy, Poland
Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski
Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Centre for Bioeconomy and Renewable Energies, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
Michał Krzyżaniak
Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Centre for Bioeconomy and Renewable Energies, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
Ewelina Olba-Zięty
Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, Centre for Bioeconomy and Renewable Energies, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland
Extracts from the June collection of aerial parts of Helianthus salicifolius A. Dietr and Helianthus tuberosus L. were obtained using carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction with water as co-solvent. The antimicrobial effect in vitro of these extracts was then determined against reference species of bacteria, as well as against fungi (represented by Candida spp.). Both extracts were found to possess antimicrobial activity, with MIC = 0.62–5 mg mL−1 for bacteria and MIC = 5–10 mg mL−1 for yeasts, and both extracts demonstrated suitable bactericidal and fungicidal effect. The highest activity was observed against S. aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC = 0.62 mg mL−1 for H. salicifolius extract; MIC = 2.5 mg mL−1 for H. tuberosus extract) as confirmed by time–kill assay. Higher antioxidant activity was found for H. tuberosus extract (EC50 = 0.332 mg mL−1) as compared to that of H. salicifolius (EC50 = 0.609 mg mL−1). The total polyphenol content (TPC) expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) was 13.75 ± 0.50 mg GAE g−1 of H. salicifolius extract and 33.06 ± 0.80 mg GAE g−1 of H. tuberosus extract. There was a relationship between the antioxidant potential of both extracts and TPC, but not between antistaphylococcal activity and TPC. The ATIR–FTIR spectra of both extracts showed similar main vibrations of the functional groups typical for phytoconstituents possessing bioactivity. The obtained data suggest potential application of these extracts as natural antioxidants and preparations with biocidal activity. Additionally, both extracts may be regarded as potential natural conservants in cosmetics, as well as natural preservatives in food.
