Comprehensive analysis of the oncogenic roles of vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors in stomach adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs) play complicated oncogenic roles in multiple tumors by initiating and promoting tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. The main goal of our study was to comprehensively investigate the oncogenic roles of VEGFs and VEGFRs in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD). Methods: The present study applied multiple bioinformatic tools to comprehensively explore the expression levels, prognostic values, genetic alterations and immune infiltrations of VEGFs and VEGFRs in STAD patients. Results: We found that VEGFA, VEGFC, placenta growth factor, FLT1, KDR, FLT4, and Neuropilin 1 were overexpressed in STAD, while the expression of VEGFB and VEGFD were decreased. Survival analysis revealed that higher transcription levels of VEGF/VEGFRs were obviously correlated with worse clinical outcome in STAD patients. Additionally, high alteration frequencies of VEGFs and VEGFRs (27%) were observed in STAD patients, and alterations of VEGFs and VEGFRs improved their prognosis. The expression of VEGFs and VEGFRs was remarkably associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in STAD patients. Conclusion: Our study systematically explored the transcriptome profiles and distinct prognostic values of VEGFs and their receptors in STAD and contributed to a better understanding of the oncogenic roles of VEGF/VEGFR members in STAD.

Keywords

• Vascular endothelial growth factors
• Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors
• Stomach adenocarcinoma
• Prognosis
• Bioinformatics