Abundancia de actinomicetes y micorrizas arbusculares en paisajes fragmentados de la Amazonia colombiana

Abstract

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Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography" /> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading" /> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Se evalúo la abundancia de actinomicetes y hongos Micorriza Arbuscular (MA) en suelos bajo coberturas de bosque y pasto, en una zona de colonización de la Amazonia colombiana con tres grados de transformación antrópica. Se realizó una estratificación espacial de la fragmentación del paisaje de tierra firme, en cercanías de San José del Guaviare (Guaviare); a partir de información de una imagen de 1997 del satélite Spot y del uso de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), se obtuvo un mapa de coberturas vegetales y se seleccionó la ventana de estudio de 48.000 ha. La abundancia de actinomicetes se determinó por la metodología de recuento y dilución en placa; el porcentaje de MA, por clareo con KOH y tinción con azul tripano y la extracción de esporas, por la técnica de tamizado (Sieverding, 1983). Los suelos de fragmentos ubicados en la zona de intervención antrópica alta presentaron diferencias significativas entre coberturas, registrando valores menores de abundancia de actinomicetes y MA en pastos, lo que se explica por la alta compactación de los suelos. En los fragmentos en la zona de intervención menor no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Se identificaron nueve morfotipos para actinomicetes y diez para MA, siendo los más representativos <em>Streptomyces sp. </em>y <em>Glomus sp</em>. Los suelos no presentaron diferencias significativas en sus características físicoquímicas. Se infirió que en zonas de intervención alta estos grupos pueden ser posibles indicadores de procesos de alteración del paisaje.</span></p>