Neural Regeneration Research (Jan 2015)
Upregulated Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling pathway: a new hope in the repair of spinal cord injury
- Tao Liu,
- Fu-jiang Cao,
- Yun-qiang Xu,
- Shi-qing Feng
Affiliations
- Tao Liu
- Fu-jiang Cao
- Yun-qiang Xu
- Shi-qing Feng
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.156984
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 10,
no. 5
pp. 792 – 796
Abstract
An increasing number of studies report that the Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway has a death-promoting apoptotic function in neural cells. We hypothesized that the Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be abnormally regulated in rat injured spinal cord models. The weight drop method was used to establish rat spinal cord injury at T 9 . Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining revealed Ras expression was dramatically elevated, and the phosphorylations of A-Raf, B-Raf and C-Raf were all upregulated in the injured spinal cord. Both mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 and ERK1/2, which belong to the Ras/Raf signaling kinases, were upregulated. These results indicate that Ras/Raf/ERK1/2 signaling may be upregulated in injured spinal cord and are involved in recovery after spinal cord injury.
Keywords
- active zone stability
- Drosophila
- neuromuscular junction
- dephosphorylation
- Liprin-α
- Syd-1
- PP2A
- GSK-3ß
- living scaffolds
- neural tissue engineering
- cell transplant
- biomaterials
- regeneration
- neurotrauma
- neurodegeneration
- axon pathfinding
- cell migration
- injury
- plasticity
- neurodegenerative disease
- brain
- therapy
- neuron
- microglia
- neural progenitor
- tissue engineering
- neuroregeneration
- repair
- central nervous system
- biomaterial
- regenerative medicine
- nanotechnology
- spinal cord injury
- axonal regeneration
- exosome
- extracellular vesicle
- microRNA
- microvesicle
- nerve gap
- neurite outgrowth
- peripheral nerve injury
- Schwann cell
- stem cell
- hemodynamic phases
- cerebral subarachnoid hemorrhage
- metabolic crises
- nerve regeneration
- hypoxic-ischemic brain damage
- ginsenoside Rg1
- neural stem cells
- cell transplantation
- cell differentiation
- cognition
- nerve reconstruction
- neural regeneration
- nerve regeneration
- brain injury
- neuroimaging
- functional magnetic resonance imaging
- regional homogeneity
- apoplexy
- subacute
- ischemia
- participants
- healthy
- volunteers
- brain activity
- NSFC grants
- neural regeneration
- nerve regeneration
- brain injury
- neuroprotection
- cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
- lateral intracerebroventricular injection
- Apelin-13
- nerve apoptosis
- Bcl-2
- caspase-3
- NSFC grants
- neural regeneration
- nerve regeneration
- fractalkine
- CX3 chemokine receptor 1
- neuronal maturation
- dendrites
- doublecortin
- synaptic maturation
- newborn neurons
- neural regeneration
- nerve regeneration
- neurodegenerative diseases
- Alzheimer′s disease
- transgenic animal models
- mice
- epimedium herb
- milkvetch root
- kudzuvine root
- divalent metal transporter 1
- ferroportin 1
- neural regeneration
- nerve regeneration
- microRNA-124
- neurogenesis
- neuronal survival
- Huntington′s disease
- SRY-related HMG box transcription factor 9
- brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
- mutant huntingtin
- nerve regeneration
- Ras/Raf/Erk1/2 signaling pathway
- spinal cord injury
- apoptosis
- repair
- regulation
- inhibition
- neural regeneration