Cell Reports (Apr 2024)

A stress sensor, IRE1α, is required for bacterial-exotoxin-induced interleukin-1β production in tissue-resident macrophages

  • Izumi Sasaki,
  • Yuri Fukuda-Ohta,
  • Chihiro Nakai,
  • Naoko Wakaki-Nishiyama,
  • Chizuyo Okamoto,
  • Daisuke Okuzaki,
  • Shuhei Morita,
  • Shiori Kaji,
  • Yuki Furuta,
  • Hiroaki Hemmi,
  • Takashi Kato,
  • Asumi Yamamoto,
  • Emi Tosuji,
  • Shin-Ichiroh Saitoh,
  • Takashi Tanaka,
  • Katsuaki Hoshino,
  • Shinji Fukuda,
  • Kensuke Miyake,
  • Etsushi Kuroda,
  • Ken J. Ishii,
  • Takao Iwawaki,
  • Koichi Furukawa,
  • Tsuneyasu Kaisho

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 43, no. 4
p. 113981

Abstract

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Summary: Cholera toxin (CT), a bacterial exotoxin composed of one A subunit (CTA) and five B subunits (CTB), functions as an immune adjuvant. CTB can induce production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, in synergy with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), from resident peritoneal macrophages (RPMs) through the pyrin and NLRP3 inflammasomes. However, how CTB or CT activates these inflammasomes in the macrophages has been unclear. Here, we clarify the roles of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor, in CT-induced IL-1β production in RPMs. In RPMs, CTB is incorporated into the ER and induces ER stress responses, depending on GM1, a cell membrane ganglioside. IRE1α-deficient RPMs show a significant impairment of CT- or CTB-induced IL-1β production, indicating that IRE1α is required for CT- or CTB-induced IL-1β production in RPMs. This study demonstrates the critical roles of IRE1α in activation of both NLRP3 and pyrin inflammasomes in tissue-resident macrophages.

Keywords