Graphene Oxide–PAMAM Nanocomposite and Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: An Efficient Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Catechol and Resorcinol

Abstract

In this paper, a simple strategy was proposed for the analysis of catechol by a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with graphene oxide–third generation of poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (GO/G3–PAMAM) nanocomposite and ionic liquid (IL). The synthesis of GO–PAMAM nanocomposite was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The prepared modified electrode (GO–PAMAM/ILCPE) exhibited good performance to detect catechol with a notable decrease in overpotential and increase in current compared with an unmodified CPE. Under optimum experimental conditions, GO–PAMAM/ILCPE electrochemical sensors indicated a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.034 μM and a linear response in the concentration range of 0.1 to 200.0 µM for the quantitative measurement of catechol in aqueous solutions. In addition, GO–PAMAM/ILCPE sensor exhibited an ability to simultaneously determine catechol and resorcinol. It can be found that catechol and resorcinol could be completely separated on the GO–PAMAM/ILCPE with the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. Finally, a GO–PAMAM/ILCPE sensor was utilized to detect catechol and resorcinol in water samples with recoveries of 96.2% to 103.3% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 1.7%.

Keywords

• catechol
• resorcinol
• carbon paste electrode
• graphene oxide–poly(amidoamine) dendrimer nanocomposite
• ionic liquid
• electrochemical sensor