Untargeted NMR-Based Methodology in the Study of Fruit Metabolites
Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev,
Luisa Mannina,
Noemi Proietti,
Simone Carradori,
Maria Daglia,
Anna Maria Giusti,
Riccarda Antiochia,
Donatella Capitani
Affiliations
Anatoly Petrovich Sobolev
Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), I-00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy
Luisa Mannina
Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), I-00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy
Noemi Proietti
Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), I-00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy
Simone Carradori
Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy
Maria Daglia
Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Pavia University, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
Anna Maria Giusti
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
Riccarda Antiochia
Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy
Donatella Capitani
Magnetic Resonance Laboratory "Annalaura Segre", Institute of Chemical Methodologies, National Research Council (CNR), I-00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy
In this review, fundamental aspects of the untargeted NMR-based methodology applied to fruit characterization are described. The strategy to perform the structure elucidation of fruit metabolites is discussed with some examples of spectral assignments by 2D experiments. Primary ubiquitous metabolites as well as secondary species-specific metabolites, identified in different fruits using an untargeted 1H-NMR approach, are summarized in a comprehensive way. Crucial aspects regarding the quantitative elaboration of spectral data are also discussed. The usefulness of the NMR-based metabolic profiling was highlighted using some results regarding quality, adulteration, varieties and geographical origin of fruits and fruit-derived products such as juices.
