Applied Sciences (Apr 2021)

Development of Candelilla Wax Oleogels as a Medium of Controlled Release of Phosphorus in an In Vitro Model

  • Genaro Olmos-Oropeza,
  • Mayra Aguilar-Zárate,
  • María Zenaida Saavedra-Leos,
  • Luis Gerardo Martínez-Juárez,
  • Jorge Fernando Toro-Vazquez,
  • Armando Sánchez-Macías,
  • Laura Araceli López-Martínez

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093815
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 9
p. 3815

Abstract

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Candelilla wax (CW) oleogels were developed as an alternative bolus material for delivering phosphorus into the rumen of goats. The systems were studied at three CW concentrations (10%, 15% and 20%) in vegetable oil. Each oleogel was added with a specific amount of calcium orthophosphate as a phosphorus source. The thermomechanical properties of the oleogels were characterized by DSC and rheology, and the viability of phosphorus delivery was evaluated using a laboratory model in two mediums (one aqueous and another with ruminal fluid). The results showed that the oleogels had a higher melting point (~52.8 °C) than the temperature of the ruminal environment and greater G′ values (1.6 × 106 Pa in 20% CW oleogel with phosphorus). Such characteristics guaranteed the integrity of the materials during the process in the model systems studied. It was demonstrated that when using the 20% CW oleogel, the phosphorus was slowly released for 84 h, completing a maximum of 83.3–98% of the total amount of phosphorus added to the bolus (in the aqueous and ruminal fluid models, respectively). These results enable us to propose this material as a delivery system for phosphorus supplementation in goats. Its effectivity in goats will be evaluated in future in vivo investigations.

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