2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

Abstract

Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology.(ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC.

Keywords

• guidelines
• heart failure
• natriuretic peptides
• ejection fraction
• diagnosis
• pharmacotherapy
• neuro-hormonal antagonists
• cardiac resynchronization therapy
• mechanical circulatory support
• transplantation
• arrhythmias
• comorbidities
• hospitalization
• multidisciplinary management
• advanced heart failure
• acute heart failure