Fatores de risco para osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa do sudeste brasileiro Risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women from southeast Brazilian

Abstract

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a densidade mineral óssea (DMO) e os fatores de risco associados à osteoporose na pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico transversal com 431 mulheres (idade 40 - 75 anos). Foram incluídas mulheres com: amenorréia >12 meses e idade >45 anos ou, ooforectomia bilateral >40 anos, com DMO (escore T de coluna lombar/colo de fêmur) pelo DEXA dos últimos 12 meses. Fatores de risco avaliados: idade, idade e tempo de menopausa, tabagismo, atividade física (30 min/5 vezes/ semana), artrite reumatoide (AR), uso de corticoterapia e de terapia hormonal (TH), fratura prévia, fratura materna de quadril e índice de massa corpórea (IMC=peso/altura²). Foram empregodos teste do χ² e método de regressão logística no risco (Odds Ratio - OR) para osteoporose. RESULTADOS: Pelos critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, 106 (24,6%) mulheres apresentavam osteoporose (escore T -1,0DP). Foi detectada osteoporose em 12% das mulheres com idade entre 40 e 49anos, em 21,8% no grupo de 50 a 59 anos e 45,7% nas mulheres com idade >60anos (p10anos (pPURPOSE: To evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and their risk factors associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: A cross-sectional clinical study was performed on 431 women (aged 40 - 75 years). Inclusion criteria: amenorrhea >12 months and age >45 years or, bilateral oophorectomy >40 years with BMD values (T-score of lumbar spine/femur neck) by DXA of the last 12 months. Risk factors evaluated: age, age and time of menopause, smoking, physical activity (30 min/5 times/week), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), use of corticotherapy and hormone therapy (HT), previous fracture, maternal hip fracture and body mass index (BMI=weight/height²). The χ2 test and the logistic regression method (Odds Ratio - OR) were used to determine osteoporosis risk. RESULTS: According to WHO criteria, 106 (24.6%) women showed osteoporosis (T-score -1.0 DP). Osteoporosis was detected in 12% of women aged 40 - 49 years, in 21.8% of women aged 50 - 59 years and in 45.7% of women aged >60 years (p10 years (p<0.001). Of the women with early menopause, 80% showed osteopenia/osteoporosis (p=0.03), and of those with BMI <20 kg/m², 50% were osteoporotic (p<0.001). The risk for osteoporosis detection increased with age (OR=1.1; CI95%=1.0-1.1), time of menopause (OR=1.1; CI95%=1.0-1.1), smoking (OR=1.9; CI95%=1.2-3.2), RA (OR=3.6; CI95%=1.3-9.6) and maternal fracture history (OR=2.1; CI95%=1.1-3.0) (p<0.05). In contrast, HT use (OR=0.3; 95%CI=0.2-0.6) and high BMI (OR=0.9; 95%CI=0.8-0.9) reduced the risk (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal women, age, time of menopause, smoking and maternal history of fracture were clinical indicators of risk for osteoporosis, whereas HT use and high BMI proved to be protective factors.

Keywords

• Menopausa
• Densidade óssea
• Fatores de risco
• Terapia de reposição hormonal
• Menopause
• Bone Density
• Risk factors
• Hormone replacement therapy