Medicina (Aug 2022)

Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism: A Review of Contemporary Diagnosis, Risk Stratification and Management

  • Akshay Machanahalli Balakrishna,
  • Vuha Reddi,
  • Peter Matthew Belford,
  • Manrique Alvarez,
  • Wissam A. Jaber,
  • David X. Zhao,
  • Saraschandra Vallabhajosyula

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091186
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 58, no. 9
p. 1186

Abstract

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) can have a wide range of hemodynamic effects, from asymptomatic to a life-threatening medical emergency. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with high mortality and requires careful risk stratification for individualized management. PE is divided into three risk categories: low risk, intermediate-risk, and high risk. In terms of initial therapeutic choice and long-term management, intermediate-risk (or submassive) PE remains the most challenging subtype. The definitions, classifications, risk stratification, and management options of intermediate-risk PE are discussed in this review.

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