Remodeling of the human skeletal muscle proteome found after long-term endurance training but not after strength training
Eric B. Emanuelsson,
Muhammad Arif,
Stefan M. Reitzner,
Sean Perez,
Maléne E. Lindholm,
Adil Mardinoglu,
Carsten Daub,
Carl Johan Sundberg,
Mark A. Chapman
Affiliations
Eric B. Emanuelsson
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Muhammad Arif
Science for Life Laboratory, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Stefan M. Reitzner
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Sean Perez
Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
Maléne E. Lindholm
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Adil Mardinoglu
Science for Life Laboratory, KTH – Royal Institute of Technology, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host–Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
Carsten Daub
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
Carl Johan Sundberg
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
Mark A. Chapman
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA; Corresponding author
Summary: Exercise training has tremendous systemic tissue-specific health benefits, but the molecular adaptations to long-term exercise training are not completely understood. We investigated the skeletal muscle proteome of highly endurance-trained, strength-trained, and untrained individuals and performed exercise- and sex-specific analyses. Of the 6,000+ proteins identified, >650 were differentially expressed in endurance-trained individuals compared with controls. Strikingly, 92% of the shared proteins with higher expression in both the male and female endurance groups were known mitochondrial. In contrast to the findings in endurance-trained individuals, minimal differences were found in strength-trained individuals and between females and males. Lastly, a co-expression network and comparative literature analysis revealed key proteins and pathways related to the health benefits of exercise, which were primarily related to differences in mitochondrial proteins. This network is available as an interactive database resource where investigators can correlate clinical data with global gene and protein expression data for hypothesis generation.
