Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is reduced in adolescent major depressive disorder

Abstract

Abstract Objective Although the emotion regulatory difficulties in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are predicted to associate with impaired cardiovascular autonomic regulation, the changes of cardiac vagal regulation in MDD are incompletely understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (as an index of cardiac vagal regulation) using the spectral analysis in high frequency band of the heart rate variability and the indices of deep breathing test in adolescent patients with major depressive disorder. Materials and methods Twenty-eight adolescent girls were examined - 14 patients with major depressive disorder without pharmacological treatment (average age: 16.4 ± 0.2 yr) and 14 healthy probands (control group) matched for age and gender. The respiratory sinus arrhythmia was evaluated using the spectral analysis in high frequency band of the heart rate variability (HF-HRV) and the parameters of deep breathing test (I-E, I/E). In addition, mean R-R interval was calculated. Results The adolescent patients with MDD had significantly reduced spectral activity in the HF-HRV and lower I/E, I-E parameters compared to matched healthy subjects (P Conclusions We conclude that the adolescent girls with MDD have reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia indicating cardiac vagal dysregulation. Since impaired cardiac vagal regulation is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity, this finding underscores the importance of impaired autonomic neurocardiac integrity already in adolescents with major depressive disorder without pharmacological treatment.

Keywords

• respiratory sinus arrhythmia
• heart rate variability
• deep breathing
• cardiac vagal regulation
• major depressive disorder
• adolescent age