Xantogranuloma juvenil: a benignidade por trás de uma lesão atípica

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe a rare case of Juvenile Xanthogranuloma (JXG) in an infant in order to inform more about this pathology little described in academia, thus avoiding unnecessary treatments and approaches. CASE DESCRIPTION: This is a 4-month-old infant with a single nodular lesion in the abdomen that has progressively evolved since birth. A crusty-looking lesion with small adjacent nodules, central ulceration and blurred borders, approximately 3 centimeters in diameter. With the diagnostic hypothesis of impetigo raised, he used topical and oral antibiotics, without success. Then, suspected of dermatophytosis, he used antifungal agents, without improvement. Due to the persistence of the lesion, an ultrasound of the lesion was requested and referred to a dermatologist. Only after the biopsy was the diagnosis of JXG confirmed. COMMENTS: JXG is a rare and benign pathology, belonging to the group of non-Langerhans histiocytosis that typically appears in pediatric age. Lesions most commonly occur on the skin and have a characteristic morphology. They are usually asymptomatic and spontaneous regression is expected in approximately five years. However, the disease can lead to extracutaneous involvement and other important pathologies may be related to the condition, thus requiring an extension of workup to prevent irreversible sequelae to the patient.

Keywords

• xanthogranuloma
• juvenile
• histiocytosis
• non-langerhans-cell
• xanthomatosis
• tinea
• impetigo