The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2023)
HAWC Detection of a TeV Halo Candidate Surrounding a Radio-quiet Pulsar
- A. Albert,
- R. Alfaro,
- J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez,
- H. A. Ayala Solares,
- E. Belmont-Moreno,
- T. Capistrán,
- A. Carramiñana,
- S. Casanova,
- J. Cotzomi,
- S. Coutiño De León,
- E. De la Fuente,
- C. de León,
- R. Diaz Hernandez,
- M. A. DuVernois,
- J. C. Díaz-Vélez,
- C. Espinoza,
- K. L. Fan,
- N. Fraija,
- K. Fang,
- J. A. García-González,
- F. Garfias,
- A. Jardin-Blicq,
- M. M. González,
- J. A. Goodman,
- J. P. Harding,
- S. Hernandez,
- D. Huang,
- F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla,
- P. Hüntemeyer,
- A. Iriarte,
- V. Joshi,
- A. Lara,
- J. Lee,
- H. León Vargas,
- J. T. Linnemann,
- A. L. Longinotti,
- G. Luis-Raya,
- K. Malone,
- O. Martinez,
- J. Martínez-Castro,
- J. A. Matthews,
- J. A. Morales-Soto,
- E. Moreno,
- M. Mostafá,
- A. Nayerhoda,
- L. Nellen,
- M. Newbold,
- M. U. Nisa,
- Y. Pérez Araujo,
- Y. Son,
- E. G. Pérez-Pérez,
- C. D. Rho,
- D. Rosa-González,
- A. Sandoval,
- M. Schneider,
- J. Serna-Franco,
- A. J. Smith,
- R. W. Springer,
- K. Tollefson,
- I. Torres,
- R. Torres-Escobedo,
- X. Wang,
- K. Whitaker,
- E. Willox,
- H. Zhou,
- THE HAWC COLLABORATION
Affiliations
- A. Albert
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA
- R. Alfaro
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Morelia, Mexico
- H. A. Ayala Solares
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA
- E. Belmont-Moreno
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- T. Capistrán
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. Carramiñana
- ORCiD
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- S. Casanova
- ORCiD
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences , PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
- J. Cotzomi
- ORCiD
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- S. Coutiño De León
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- E. De la Fuente
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias , Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- C. de León
- ORCiD
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Morelia, Mexico
- R. Diaz Hernandez
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- M. A. DuVernois
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- J. C. Díaz-Vélez
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias , Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
- C. Espinoza
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- K. L. Fan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- N. Fraija
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- K. Fang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA ; [email protected], [email protected]
- J. A. García-González
- ORCiD
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias , Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., 64849, Mexico
- F. Garfias
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. Jardin-Blicq
- ORCiD
- Université Bordeaux , CNRS/IN2P3, LP2I Bordeaux, UMR 5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France; Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- M. M. González
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. A. Goodman
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- J. P. Harding
- ORCiD
- Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA
- S. Hernandez
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- D. Huang
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA
- F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla
- ORCiD
- Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas , Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
- P. Hüntemeyer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA
- A. Iriarte
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- V. Joshi
- ORCiD
- Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Erlangen, Germany
- A. Lara
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. Lee
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- H. León Vargas
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- J. T. Linnemann
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
- A. L. Longinotti
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- G. Luis-Raya
- ORCiD
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- K. Malone
- ORCiD
- Space Science and Applications Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, NM, USA
- O. Martinez
- ORCiD
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- J. Martínez-Castro
- ORCiD
- Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional , México City, México
- J. A. Matthews
- ORCiD
- Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM, USA
- J. A. Morales-Soto
- ORCiD
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo , Morelia, Mexico
- E. Moreno
- ORCiD
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla , Puebla, Mexico
- M. Mostafá
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA
- A. Nayerhoda
- ORCiD
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences , PL-31342 IFJ-PAN, Krakow, Poland
- L. Nellen
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- M. Newbold
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- M. U. Nisa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
- Y. Pérez Araujo
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Y. Son
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- E. G. Pérez-Pérez
- ORCiD
- Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca , Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
- C. D. Rho
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- D. Rosa-González
- ORCiD
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- A. Sandoval
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- M. Schneider
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- J. Serna-Franco
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- A. J. Smith
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- R. W. Springer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- K. Tollefson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, MI, USA
- I. Torres
- ORCiD
- Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
- R. Torres-Escobedo
- ORCiD
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- X. Wang
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University , Houghton, MI, USA
- K. Whitaker
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, USA
- E. Willox
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland , College Park, MD, USA
- H. Zhou
- ORCiD
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- THE HAWC COLLABORATION
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb5ee
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 944,
no. 2
p. L29
Abstract
Extended very-high-energy (VHE; 0.1–100 TeV) γ -ray emission has been observed around several middle-aged pulsars and referred to as “TeV halos.” Their formation mechanism remains under debate. It is also unknown whether they are ubiquitous or related to a certain subgroup of pulsars. With 2321 days of observation, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory detected VHE γ -ray emission at the location of the radio-quiet pulsar PSR J0359+5414 with >6 σ significance. By performing likelihood tests with different spectral and spatial models and comparing the TeV spectrum with multiwavelength observations of nearby sources, we show that this excess is consistent with a TeV halo associated with PSR J0359+5414, though future observation of HAWC and multiwavelength follow-ups are needed to confirm this nature. This new halo candidate is located in a noncrowded region in the outer galaxy. It shares similar properties to the other halos but its pulsar is younger and radio-quiet. Our observation implies that TeV halos could commonly exist around pulsars and their formation does not depend on the configuration of the pulsar magnetosphere.
Keywords
