From locked-in sensation to acute basilar artery occlusion: a rare case of posterior circulation stroke in a young patient

Abstract

We report the case of a young male patient who presented to our emergency department complaining of a transient headache and a feeling of motor impairment in his right lower limb, both of which completely resolved spontaneously. After a few minutes of his arrival, he developed a locked-in sensation with anxiety and agitation, followed by a rapid onset of left facio-brachio-crural hemisyndrome. Contrast-enhanced CT of the brain and neck showed the occlusion of the proximal-intermediate basilar artery. Acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is a rare life-threatening stroke that requires prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment to avoid rapid fatal complications (coma and death). The prognosis is poor, with long-lasting sequelae in the survivors. The diagnosis is often difficult since BAO accounts for only 1% of all strokes, and the prodromal symptoms are often very mild, transient, and non-specific, such as nausea, dizziness, headache, confusion, and vertigo. In the presence of convulsion-like symptoms or an unexplained altered level of consciousness, emergency physicians should always consider BAO in the differential diagnosis.

Keywords

• Stroke
• cerebrovascular occlusion
• basilar artery occlusion
• locked-in
• embolectomy
• intracranial thrombosis