Child health-friendly neighbourhood: a qualitative study to explore the perspectives and experiences of experts and mothers of children under 6 years of age in Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Objectives Creating health-supportive environments is one of the key strategies for health promotion. The WHO launched the Healthy Cities Initiative which has inspired other international organisations to develop settings-based health initiatives, such as the Child Friendly Cities by UNICEF. Our study aimed to explore the perspectives and experiences of experts, city council staff and mothers of children under 6 years of age in the city of Tehran, Iran regarding child health-friendly neighbourhoods for children of this age group.Design The purpose of this qualitative research was to investigate the viewpoints and experiences of mothers of children under 6 years old as well as professionals. Data were collected from January to July 2022 through semistructured, indepth interviews using an interview guide. Data were analysed using the directed content analysis method with MAXQDA V.2020 software.Setting The study was conducted in Tehran, Iran.Participants Participants were selected from three main groups: experts, mothers and city council staff. Participants were invited to take part using variation purposive sampling techniques.Results Data analysis led to a definition of the concept of child health-friendly neighbourhoods for children under 6 years old, with 6 dimensions, 21 subdimensions and 80 characteristics. The six dimensions included the provision of neighbourhood green space, cultural centres, health centres, access to services, transport and security. The characteristics we identified had similarities and differences with UNICEF’s Child Friendly Cities.Conclusion The concept of a child health-friendly neighbourhood for children under 6 years old is the result of a health-centred approach to a child-friendly city that provides a deeper understanding of the needs and services required to start a healthy life. This could contribute to further dialogue, research and actions to make all neighbourhoods a health-supportive environment as recommended by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.