Physical function and body composition in kidney transplant recipients over time with physiotherapy intervention

Abstract

Introduction: The long-term usage of immunosuppressants post-kidney transplantation often results in adverse effects such as weight gain, osteoporosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity has been shown to have a protective effect against these adverse effects. This paper aims to investigate the changes over time in physical function and body composition in kidney transplant recipients with a home exercise regimen prescribed by a physiotherapist. Methods: Forty-two kidney transplant recipients aged 45 ± 12 years were recruited before transplant and reviewed at fixed time points after transplant. Body composition, hand grip strength and functional exercise capacity were measured at every session. A home exercise regimen was prescribed and modified when appropriate. Results: There was an observed trend towards an improvement in functional exercise capacity in terms of six-minute walk distance. There was no change in body weight, fat mass and skeletal muscle mass. Conclusion: There may be a need to provide supervised exercise training programmes for kidney transplant recipients in bringing about positive changes in body composition as well as ensure compliance to exercise training after transplant. Further research is needed for more conclusive results.