Early Identification and Management of Ulcerative Colitis: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) that affects the inner lining of the colon, imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Symptoms include bloody stools and abdominal pain. The prevalence of UC is increasing, particularly among young adults. The pathogenesis involves immune responses, genetics and environmental factors. Diagnostic delays are common, leading to complications and increased costs. Early diagnosis is crucial for preventing complications. Endoscopy is the primary diagnostic tool. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and achieve remission. Delayed diagnosis can lead to long-term complications such as Colorectal Cancer (CRC) and bowel stenosis. Prompt recognition and management are essential for minimising the disease burden and optimising care. The present study delves into the complex nature of UC, a chronic IBD, revealing its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, treatment strategies, prognosis, complications and the impact of delayed diagnosis on patients’ quality of life. The study highlights the evolving understanding of UC pathogenesis, incorporating immune responses, genetics, environmental factors and biomarkers. It also discusses diagnostic delays due to symptom similarities and the need for increased awareness among healthcare providers and the public. The study also discusses advanced diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches, including novel drug targets and surgical interventions. It also highlights the negative consequences of delayed diagnosis, including increased morbidity, psychological distress and socioeconomic burden. The study emphasises the need for collaborative efforts to ensure timely and appropriate care for UC patients.

Keywords

• colorectal cancer
• diagnostic delay
• inflammatory bowel disease