The Protective Effects of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil Extract against Methotrexate Induced Hepatic and Renal Toxicity in Rats

Abstract

The essential oils were isolated from dried Syzygium aromaticum L. seeds by Cleavenger aperture extraction, and fractions were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 53 components were detected in Syzygium aromaticum. The components were mainly 21 sesquiterpenes (39.62 %), eight monoterpenes (15.09%), onediterpene (1.88%). The leading components specific in the essential oil was eugenol (64.74 %), caryophyllene (14.36 %), 3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenyl acetate (13.28 %) and 1,4,7, Cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethy (2.55 %). Biochemically, Results found that the rats treated with (MTX) revealed a significant increase in AST, ALT and ALP levels in compare with controls. Clove essential oil recorded a significant decrease in AST, while, there was a decrease in all enzymes levels in serum of rats related to (MTX) and clove essential oil groups in comparison with control group. The results showed that the administration of clove essential oil significantly decreased elevate levels of ALT, AST and ALP. On the other hand, Histological examination of liver sections of rats treated with (MTX) showed several changes included infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, hyperplasia, cytoplasmic vacuolation, degeneration and necrosis. The results showed a normal liver structure in rats that treated with (MTX) and clove essential oil. Rats treated to (MTX) showed sever histopathological changes in the kidney tissues such as necrosis, hemorrhage, degeneration and inflammatory cells. While, in rats treated with (MTX) and essential clove oil a few changes in the kidney tissues were observed.

Keywords

• methorexate
• syzygium aromaticum
• clove oil
• eugenol
• gc-ms. histological.