Research progress on exosomes derived from dental pulp stem cells

Abstract

Exosomes are bilayer lipid vesicles formed by a series of regulatory processes including endocytosis, fusion and efflux. Exosomes can be secreted by a variety of cells, including epithelial cells, mast cells, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells play an important role in tissue repair and regeneration, immune regulation, and tumor growth regulation and have a strong secretory capacity. The therapeutic mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells is related to their exosomes. Although this therapeutic mechanism is not fully understood, it has shown strong therapeutic potential. Dental pulp stem cells are undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells that present in dental pulp tissue. Their use has many advantages, such as a lack of ethical controversy, easy access, and good safety. Recent studies have found that exosomes secreted by dental pulp stem cells have great potential for applications in pulp regeneration, anti-inflammation treatment, neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. This article reviews the synthesis, secretion, extraction and identification of exosomes, the biological functions of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes, and the related research on dental pulp stem cell exosomes and diseases to improve clinicians′ understanding of the mechanism of the occurrence and development of dental pulp stem cell exosomes in diseases. Treatment and further research of these diseases provide new ideas and targets.

Keywords

• mesenchymal stem cells，
• dental pulp stem cells，
• exosomes ，
• dental pulp regeneration，
• nerve regeneration，
• inflammation，
• gene vector，