Vaccines (Feb 2021)

COVID-19 Vaccines (Revisited) and Oral-Mucosal Vector System as a Potential Vaccine Platform

  • Muhammad Umer Ashraf,
  • Yeji Kim,
  • Sunil Kumar,
  • Dongyeob Seo,
  • Maryam Ashraf,
  • Yong-Soo Bae

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020171
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 9, no. 2
p. 171

Abstract

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There are several emerging strategies for the vaccination of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) however, only a few have yet shown promising effects. Thus, choosing the right pathway and the best prophylactic options in preventing COVID-19 is still challenging at best. Approximately, more than two-hundred vaccines are being tested in different countries, and more than fifty clinical trials are currently undergoing. In this review, we have summarized the immune-based strategies for the development of COVID-19 vaccines and the different vaccine candidate platforms that are in clinical stages of evaluation, and up to the recently licensed mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines of Pfizer-BioNtech and Moderna’s. Lastly, we have briefly included the potentials of using the ‘RPS-CTP vector system’ for the development of a safe and effective oral mucosal COVID-19 vaccine as another vaccine platform.

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