Evaluation of the Performances of Foam System as an Agent of Enhancing Oil Recovery

Abstract

Foam has been used in petroleum engineering to enhance oil recovery for many years. It is a very complicated dispersion system, and the performances are affected by many factors. In order to understand the influence rules and mechanisms of such factors, the performances and mechanisms of foam systems are investigated by static and core flooding experiments with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. It is found that a polymer may reduce the foaming ability, but significantly enhance the foam stability in both oil-free and oil-bearing environments, while the optimal concentration is around 1500 mg/L in this case. NaCl may reduce the stability, but the capability of enhancing the foaming ability and oil tolerance gradually increases and stabilizes when the concentration reaches to 7000 mg/L. Oil can reduce the foam stability, and the stability decreases as the oil saturation increases to 0.15. Moreover, the foam stability is worse in light oil conditions than in heavy oil conditions. In the sand-pack tests, the resistance factors of foam are much higher than that of a polymer solution. The maximum resistance factor of the foam tested reaches about 230. The residual resistance factor of polymer-enhanced foam (PEF) is generally larger than that of pure foam and salt enhanced foam (SEF) in an oil-free environment. The maximum value of resistance factor of PEF and SEF is only about 60, and that of pure foam is less than 40 in an oil-bearing environment. In the parallel sand-pack tests, both ultimate oil recovery and incremental oil recovery are the best when using PEF, with SEF the second, and pure foam the worst.

Keywords

• foam
• enhanced foam
• oil-bearing capacity
• foam stability
• resistance factor