The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2022)
TOI 560: Two Transiting Planets Orbiting a K Dwarf Validated with iSHELL, PFS, and HIRES RVs
- Mohammed El Mufti,
- Peter P. Plavchan,
- Howard Isaacson,
- Bryson L. Cale,
- Dax L. Feliz,
- Michael A. Reefe,
- Coel Hellier,
- Keivan Stassun,
- Jason Eastman,
- Alex Polanski,
- Ian J. M. Crossfield,
- Eric Gaidos,
- Veselin Kostov,
- Justin M. Wittrock,
- Joel Villaseñor,
- Joshua E. Schlieder,
- Luke G. Bouma,
- Kevin I. Collins,
- Farzaneh Zohrabi,
- Rena A. Lee,
- Ahmad Sohani,
- John Berberian,
- David Vermilion,
- Patrick Newman,
- Claire Geneser,
- Angelle Tanner,
- Natalie M. Batalha,
- Courtney Dressing,
- Benjamin Fulton,
- Andrew W. Howard,
- Daniel Huber,
- Stephen R. Kane,
- Erik A. Petigura,
- Paul Robertson,
- Arpita Roy,
- Lauren M. Weiss,
- Aida Behmard,
- Corey Beard,
- Ashley Chontos,
- Fei Dai,
- Paul A. Dalba,
- Tara Fetherolf,
- Steven Giacalone,
- Michelle L. Hill,
- Lea A. Hirsch,
- Rae Holcomb,
- Jack Lubin,
- Andrew Mayo,
- Teo Močnik,
- Joseph M. Akana Murphy,
- Lee J. Rosenthal,
- Ryan A. Rubenzahl,
- Nicholas Scarsdale,
- Christopher Stockdale,
- Karen Collins,
- Ryan Cloutier,
- Howard Relles,
- Thiam-Guan Tan,
- Nicholas J Scott,
- Zach Hartman,
- Elisabeth Matthews,
- David R. Ciardi,
- Erica Gonzales,
- Rachel A. Matson,
- Charles Beichman,
- Allyson Bieryla,
- E. Furlan,
- Crystal L. Gnilka,
- Steve B. Howell,
- Carl Ziegler,
- César Briceño,
- Nicholas Law,
- Andrew W. Mann,
- Markus Rabus,
- Marshall C. Johnson,
- Jessie Christiansen,
- Laura Kreidberg,
- David Anthony Berardo,
- Drake Deming,
- Varoujan Gorjian,
- Farisa Y. Morales,
- Björn Benneke,
- Diana Dragomir,
- Robert A. Wittenmyer,
- Sarah Ballard,
- Brendan P. Bowler,
- Jonathan Horner,
- John Kielkopf,
- Huigen Liu,
- Avi Shporer,
- C. G. Tinney,
- Hui Zhang,
- Duncan J. Wright,
- Brett C. Addison,
- Matthew W. Mengel,
- Jack Okumura
Affiliations
- Mohammed El Mufti
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA ; [email protected]; University of Khartoum , Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, P.O.BOX 321, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
- Peter P. Plavchan
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA ; [email protected]
- Howard Isaacson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Bryson L. Cale
- ORCiD
- IPAC , 770 S Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Dax L. Feliz
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , 2201 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Michael A. Reefe
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA ; [email protected]
- Coel Hellier
- ORCiD
- Astrophysics Group, Keele University , Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
- Keivan Stassun
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University , 2201 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Jason Eastman
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Alex Polanski
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Ian J. M. Crossfield
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas , 1082 Malott, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Eric Gaidos
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawaií at Mänoa , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Veselin Kostov
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Justin M. Wittrock
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA ; [email protected]
- Joel Villaseñor
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Joshua E. Schlieder
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Luke G. Bouma
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Kevin I. Collins
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA ; [email protected]
- Farzaneh Zohrabi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University , 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Rena A. Lee
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawaií at Mänoa , Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Ahmad Sohani
- Mississippi State University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 355 Lee Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- John Berberian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA ; [email protected]; Woodson High School , 9525 Main Street, Fairfax, VA 22031, USA
- David Vermilion
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA ; [email protected]; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Patrick Newman
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University , 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA ; [email protected]
- Claire Geneser
- ORCiD
- Mississippi State University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 355 Lee Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Angelle Tanner
- Mississippi State University , Department of Physics and Astronomy, 355 Lee Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
- Natalie M. Batalha
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Courtney Dressing
- ORCiD
- 501 Campbell Hall, University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Benjamin Fulton
- ORCiD
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech-IPAC , MC 314-6, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Andrew W. Howard
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Daniel Huber
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaií , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Stephen R. Kane
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Erik A. Petigura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Paul Robertson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Arpita Roy
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Lauren M. Weiss
- ORCiD
- University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- Aida Behmard
- ORCiD
- Division of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Corey Beard
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Ashley Chontos
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaií , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Fei Dai
- ORCiD
- California Institute of Technology , Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Paul A. Dalba
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Tara Fetherolf
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Steven Giacalone
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Michelle L. Hill
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Lea A. Hirsch
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Rae Holcomb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Jack Lubin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine , Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Andrew Mayo
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Teo Močnik
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Joseph M. Akana Murphy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Lee J. Rosenthal
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Ryan A. Rubenzahl
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Nicholas Scarsdale
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Christopher Stockdale
- ORCiD
- Hazelwood Observatory , Australia
- Karen Collins
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Ryan Cloutier
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Howard Relles
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Thiam-Guan Tan
- ORCiD
- Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope , Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Curtin Institute of Radio Astronomy, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Nicholas J Scott
- ORCiD
- NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Zach Hartman
- ORCiD
- Gemini observatory , Maunakea Access Road, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Elisabeth Matthews
- ORCiD
- Observatoire de l’Université de Genéve , Chemin Pegasi 51,1290 Versoix, Switzerland
- David R. Ciardi
- ORCiD
- Caltech/IPAC-NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , 770 S. Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA
- Erica Gonzales
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Rachel A. Matson
- ORCiD
- U.S. Naval Observatory , Washington, D.C. 20392, USA
- Charles Beichman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Caltech/IPAC-NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , 770 S. Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA
- Allyson Bieryla
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- E. Furlan
- ORCiD
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute , Caltech/IPAC, Mail Code 100-22, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Crystal L. Gnilka
- ORCiD
- NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Steve B. Howell
- ORCiD
- NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Carl Ziegler
- Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Stephen F. Austin State University , 1936 North Street, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA
- César Briceño
- ORCiD
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory , Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
- Nicholas Law
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
- Andrew W. Mann
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA
- Markus Rabus
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Matemática y Física Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción , Alonso de Rivera 2850, Concepción, Chile
- Marshall C. Johnson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University , 4055 McPherson Laboratory, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Jessie Christiansen
- Infrared Processing and Analysis Center , Caltech, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
- Laura Kreidberg
- ORCiD
- Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- David Anthony Berardo
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Drake Deming
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742-2421 USA
- Varoujan Gorjian
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 306-392, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Farisa Y. Morales
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Björn Benneke
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Institute for Research on Exoplanets, Université de Montréal , Montreal, QC, Canada
- Diana Dragomir
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico , 210 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Robert A. Wittenmyer
- ORCiD
- University of Southern Queensland , Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Sarah Ballard
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida , 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Brendan P. Bowler
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Jonathan Horner
- ORCiD
- University of Southern Queensland , Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- John Kielkopf
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville , Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Huigen Liu
- ORCiD
- School of Astronomy and Space Science, Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics in Ministry of Education, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Avi Shporer
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- C. G. Tinney
- ORCiD
- Exoplanetary Science at UNSW, School of Physics , UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Hui Zhang
- ORCiD
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200030, People’s Republic of China
- Duncan J. Wright
- ORCiD
- University of Southern Queensland , Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Brett C. Addison
- ORCiD
- University of Southern Queensland , Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Matthew W. Mengel
- University of Southern Queensland , Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- Jack Okumura
- University of Southern Queensland , Centre for Astrophysics, West Street, Toowoomba, QLD 4350 Australia
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac9834
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 165,
no. 1
p. 10
Abstract
We validate the presence of a two-planet system orbiting the 0.15–1.4 Gyr K4 dwarf TOI 560 (HD 73583). The system consists of an inner moderately eccentric transiting mini-Neptune (TOI 560 b, $P={6.3980661}_{-0.0000097}^{+0.0000095}$ days, $e={0.294}_{-0.062}^{+0.13}$ , $M={0.94}_{-0.23}^{+0.31}{M}_{\mathrm{Nep}}$ ) initially discovered in the Sector 8 Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission observations, and a transiting mini-Neptune (TOI 560 c, $P={18.8805}_{-0.0011}^{+0.0024}$ days, $M={1.32}_{-0.32}^{+0.29}{M}_{\mathrm{Nep}}$ ) discovered in the Sector 34 observations, in a rare near-1:3 orbital resonance. We utilize photometric data from TESS Spitzer, and ground-based follow-up observations to confirm the ephemerides and period of the transiting planets, vet false-positive scenarios, and detect the photoeccentric effect for TOI 560 b. We obtain follow-up spectroscopy and corresponding precise radial velocities (RVs) with the iSHELL spectrograph at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the HIRES Spectrograph at Keck Observatory to validate the planetary nature of these signals, which we combine with published Planet Finder Spectrograph RVs from the Magellan Observatory. We detect the masses of both planets at >3 σ significance. We apply a Gaussian process (GP) model to the TESS light curves to place priors on a chromatic RV GP model to constrain the stellar activity of the TOI 560 host star, and confirm a strong wavelength dependence for the stellar activity demonstrating the ability of near-IR RVs to mitigate stellar activity for young K dwarfs. TOI 560 is a nearby moderately young multiplanet system with two planets suitable for atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope and other upcoming missions. In particular, it will undergo six transit pairs separated by <6 hr before 2027 June.
Keywords
