Nanobionics: A Sustainable Agricultural Approach towards Understanding Plant Response to Heavy Metals, Drought, and Salt Stress
Mohammad Faizan,
Fadime Karabulut,
Pravej Alam,
Mohammad Yusuf,
Sadia Haque Tonny,
Muhammad Faheem Adil,
Shafaque Sehar,
S. Maqbool Ahmed,
Shamsul Hayat
Affiliations
Mohammad Faizan
Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad 500032, India
Fadime Karabulut
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey
Pravej Alam
Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Yusuf
Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
Sadia Haque Tonny
Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
Muhammad Faheem Adil
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Shafaque Sehar
Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
S. Maqbool Ahmed
Botany Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad 500032, India
Shamsul Hayat
Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
In the current scenario, the rising concentration of heavy metals (HMs) due to anthropogenic activities is a severe problem. Plants are very much affected by HM pollution as well as other abiotic stress such as salinity and drought. It is very important to fulfil the nutritional demands of an ever-growing population in these adverse environmental conditions and/or stresses. Remediation of HM in contaminated soil is executed through physical and chemical processes which are costly, time-consuming, and non-sustainable. The application of nanobionics in crop resilience with enhanced stress tolerance may be the safe and sustainable strategy to increase crop yield. Thus, this review emphasizes the impact of nanobionics on the physiological traits and growth indices of plants. Major concerns and stress tolerance associated with the use of nanobionics are also deliberated concisely. The nanobionic approach to plant physiological traits and stress tolerance would lead to an epoch of plant research at the frontier of nanotechnology and plant biology.