Symmetry (Mar 2022)

Novel Oscillation Theorems and Symmetric Properties of Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations of Fourth-Order with a Middle Term

  • Barakah Almarri,
  • S. Janaki,
  • V. Ganesan,
  • Ali Hasan Ali,
  • Kamsing Nonlaopon,
  • Omar Bazighifan

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14030585
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 14, no. 3
p. 585

Abstract

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The goal of this paper was to study the oscillations of a class of fourth-order nonlinear delay differential equations with a middle term. Novel oscillation theorems built on a proper Riccati-type transformation, the comparison approach, and integral-averaging conditions were developed, and several symmetric properties of the solutions are presented. For the validation of these theorems, several examples are given to highlight the core results.

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