Journal of Blood Medicine (Sep 2023)
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Caused by Cold Agglutinin Antibodies in Systemic Lupus erythematosus—a Rare Association: Case Report
Abstract
Luis Miguel Osorio-Toro,1– 3 Jhon Herney Quintana-Ospina,1– 3 Luis Álvaro Melo-Burbano,1– 3 Paola Andrea Ruiz-Jiménez,1– 3 Jorge Enrique Daza-Arana,1,4 Giovanna Patricia Rivas-Tafurt,1,2 Jorge Hernán Izquierdo-Loaiza1,2 1Specialization in Internal Medicine, Department of Health, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia; 2Department of Research and Education, Clínica de Occidente S.A, Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia; 3Genetics, Physiology, and Metabolism Research Group (GEFIME), Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, Colombia; 4Health and Movement Research Group, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Santiago de Cali, ColombiaCorrespondence: Jorge Enrique Daza-Arana, Specialization Program in Internal Medicine, Department of Health, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Calle 5 # 62-00, Santiago de Cali, Colombia, Tel +57 3108923676, Fax +57 3108923676, Email [email protected]: Autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHAs) are rare and heterogeneous disorders characterized by the destruction of red blood cells by warm or cold antibodies. Hemolytic anemia associated with warm antibodies is the most common, whereas cold antibodies are rare and infrequent in cases published in the scientific literature. Herein, we present the case of a young patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by cold antibodies. Initially, infectious etiology and hematological malignancy were considered, which were ruled out. She required management in the intensive care unit due to severe hematological involvement and responded well to immunomodulatory therapy. This case illustrates the importance of a strong clinical suspicion of AIHA due to cold agglutinins associated with SLE when faced with similar clinical symptoms in order to achieve a timely diagnosis and provide optimal therapy.Keywords: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune diseases, antibodies
