RESULTS OF CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF PEOPLE WITH PARTIAL TOOTH LOSS IN PERIODONTAL DISEASES

Abstract

Periodontal diseases are the most common causes of edentulous space, along with caries and its complications – pulpitis and periodontitis. According to the WHO, periodontitis is the sixth most widespread human disease. Chronic inflammation of periodontal tissues results in the destruction of periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. This leads to a partial loss of the teeth itself, causing functional disorders of the dentofacial system. Aim is to determine the structure and prevalence of edentulous space of the upper jaw (UJ) and the lower jaw (LJ) according to the Kennedy classification and to analyse the types of defects depending on the number of lost teeth in individuals with partial tooth loss in case of periodontal diseases. Object and methods. In order to achieve the aim, 83 people with periodontal diseases were examined without diagnosed concomitant general-somatic pathology. Research results and their discussion. According to the research, the following results were obtained for the determination of the structure and prevalence of edentulous space of the upper jaw and the lower jaw according to the Kennedy classification and the defect type analysis, depending on the number of lost teeth. Among 83 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis of I-III degree of severity, aged 18-60, edentulous space on the UJ and on the LJ was detected in 61 people (73.49% of the total number of people in the group). Intact dentitions on one of the jaws were in 22 patients (26.51% of the total number of people in the group), while on the LJ intact tooth dentition was found in 9 people and on the UJ in 13 people (10.84% and 15.66% of the total number of people in the group respectively). The analysis of the prevalence of edentulous space in this group showed that 55 defects of Class I on one or both jaws (33.13% of the total number of defects) were identified, while defects of Class I on both jaws were diagnosed in 9 people (10.84% of the total number of people in the group). Defects of Class II were observed in 49 cases (29.52% of the total number of defects), and on both jaws in 5 people (6.02% of the total number of individuals in the group). In total, 40 defects of Class III were diagnosed (24,10% of the total number of defects), and defects of Class ²I² on both jaws were found in 4 people (4.82% of the total number of people in the group). An intact dentition was diagnosed in 22 cases (13.25% of the total number of cases). Edentulous space of Class IV was not detected. The greatest number of defects was with the absence of three teeth. There were a total of 29 defects on the UJ and 26 on the LJ (17.47% and 15.65% of the total number of defects). The highest number of cases was detected in Class I (12 on the UJ and 14 cases on the LJ). In Class II, there were 8 (4.82%) clinical situations on the UJ and 6 (3.61%) on the LJ. 9 (5.42%) Class III defects with the absence of three teeth on the UJ and 6 (3.61%) on the LJ were noted. The lowest rates were found in case of edentulous space, which is due to the absence of one and five teeth (6.02%).The number of edentulous space with the absence of one tooth was determined in the II experimental clinical group: Kennedy Class II – four (2.41%), Kennedy Class III – 6 (3.61%). There were no Class I defects with the absence of one tooth. Indicators of the defects caused by the absence of two teeth were 25.91%, and were detected in 18 cases on the UJ (10.84%), and in 25 – on the LJ (15.07%). The largest number of such defects was in Class III – 8 (4.82%) on UJ and 11 (6.63%) on the LJ. The smallest in Class I is 4 (2.41%) on the UJ and 3 (1.81%) on the LJ. Indicators of the defects caused by the absence of four teeth amounted to 15.46%, and were detected in 14 cases on the UJ (8.43%), and in 12 on the LJ (7.23%). The absence of five teeth was determined: four (2.41%) on the UJ, and 6 (3.61%) on the LJ, 5 cases of Class I and II according to Kennedy. Conclusions. The analysis of the sources of literature of domestic and foreign authors testifies to the high prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases in the age from 16 to 65 years. The conducted epidemiological studies have shown that, in case of periodontal tissue diseases, partial tooth loss is the most common pathology leading to the development of secondary deformations of the dentition, causing functional and morphological disorders in the unity of the dentition, resulting in a complex reorganization of the bite and dentofacial system as a whole.

Keywords

• periodontal
• dentition defect
• dentition system.