AGRO-ECOLOGICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF GROWING HARICOT BEANS UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE

Abstract

In order to determine the agro-ecological aspects of growing haricot beans under drip irrigation in the South of Ukraine we have performed monitoring of the current state and prospects of growing haricot beans, which showed that the largest crop areas of haricot beans are concentrated in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Vinnytsia, Khmelnytskyi, Zakarpattia, Cherkasy and Chernihiv regions, they are less spread in Dnipropetrovsk, Kherson, Kirovohrad and Kyiv regions. One of the limiting factors in the Black Sea Steppe of Ukraine is moisture. Economically substantiated haricot yields in the conditions of the region under investigation can be obtained only under irrigation. In order to solve the problems of saving fresh water when irrigating agricultural crops it is obviously necessary to apply environmentally safe resource-savingFrom our point of view, solving these tasks must be realized through implementing drip irrigation technologies. The analysis of the current state of the development of drip irrigation under conditions of the Black Sea Steppe of Ukraine shows steady tendencies of a gradual increase in the areas and expanding the range of the crops grown. One of the promising vegetable crops capable of ensuring steady profitability for agricultural enterprises while growing crops under drip irrigation is the haricot bean. The analysis of the field experiments showed that the highest yield of haricot beans was formed when chiseling 20–22 cm deep, applying mineral fertilizers in the norm N90P105 with the pre-irrigation threshold of 75–80% the LMC (lowest moisture content) – 4.45 t/ha. The application of drip irrigation when growing haricot beans under conditions of the Black Sea Steppe allows for obtaining haricot yields at the rate of 4.5 tons and contributes to reducing the rate of water consumption to 50% as compared to the traditional technology of growing haricot beans under irrigation, and it substantially reduces human-caused loads on the environment and increases the economic efficiency of agricultural practices on reclaimed lands technologies, in particular, new irrigation methods and techniques.