Precision and Advanced Nano-Phytopharmaceuticals for Therapeutic Applications
Chooi Ling Lim,
Chandramathi S. Raju,
Tooba Mahboob,
Sunil Kayesth,
Kamal K. Gupta,
Gaurav Kumar Jain,
Mahaveer Dhobi,
Muhammad Nawaz,
Polrat Wilairatana,
Maria de Lourdes Pereira,
Jayanta Kumar Patra,
Alok K. Paul,
Mohammed Rahmatullah,
Veeranoot Nissapatorn
Affiliations
Chooi Ling Lim
Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
Chandramathi S. Raju
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Tooba Mahboob
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Sunil Kayesth
Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110019, India
Kamal K. Gupta
Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110019, India
Gaurav Kumar Jain
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
Mahaveer Dhobi
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi 110017, India
Muhammad Nawaz
Department of Nano-Medicine, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations ((IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
Polrat Wilairatana
Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Maria de Lourdes Pereira
CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials & Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Jayanta Kumar Patra
Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Korea
Alok K. Paul
School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 26, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
Mohammed Rahmatullah
Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Veeranoot Nissapatorn
School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
Phytopharmaceuticals have been widely used globally since ancient times and acknowledged by healthcare professionals and patients for their superior therapeutic value and fewer side-effects compared to modern medicines. However, phytopharmaceuticals need a scientific and methodical approach to deliver their components and thereby improve patient compliance and treatment adherence. Dose reduction, improved bioavailability, receptor selective binding, and targeted delivery of phytopharmaceuticals can be likely achieved by molding them into specific nano-formulations. In recent decades, nanotechnology-based phytopharmaceuticals have emerged as potential therapeutic candidates for the treatment of various communicable and non-communicable diseases. Nanotechnology combined with phytopharmaceuticals broadens the therapeutic perspective and overcomes problems associated with plant medicine. The current review highlights the therapeutic application of various nano-phytopharmaceuticals in neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastro-intestinal disorders. We conclude that nano-phytopharmaceuticals emerge as promising therapeutics for many pathological conditions with good compliance and higher acceptance.
