Decoding success: A five-year retrospective study of dental Implant survival

Abstract

Background: Dental implants are the preferred option for replacing missing teeth, offering aesthetic and functional benefits. However, factors such as systemic health, smoking, and prosthetic design can influence implant survival. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of clinical, systemic, and prosthetic factors on the survival of dental implants over five years. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study included 143 patients who received 161 dental implants between 2016 and 2018, each followed for a minimum of five years. Clinical parameters, systemic conditions and prosthetic factors were evaluated. Radiographic analysis was performed to measure crestal bone loss. Statistical analysis, including multiple regression, was conducted to assess the factors influencing implant survival. Results: The overall implant survival rate was 92.5 %. Factors significantly associated with implant survival included gender (female patients had a higher survival rate, p = 0.01), smoking status (non-smokers had a higher survival rate, p = 0.04), and the absence of parafunctional habits (p = 0.02). Systemic conditions such as diabetes and vitamin D deficiency were also associated with less implant survival rate (p < 0.05). Implant-related parameters, including less crestal bone loss and implant placement protocol type IV (delayed placement) demonstrated statistically significant association with high implant survival. Multiple regression analysis confirmed that females and patients without systemic conditions were significantly more likely to experience implant success. Conclusion: Age, systemic health conditions, smoking status, and prosthetic design significantly influence implant survival. A comprehensive evaluation of these factors is crucial for improving clinical outcomes and optimizing implant success rates.

Keywords

• Bone loss
• Dental implants
• Osseointegration
• Peri-implantitis
• Risk factors
• Systemic diseases