NIR-activatable nitric oxide generator based on nanoparticles loaded small-molecule photosensitizers for synergetic photodynamic/gas therapy

Abstract

Abstract Background Therapeutic approaches that combine conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT) with gas therapy (GT) to sensitize PDT are an attractive strategy, but the molecular structure design of the complex lacks effective guiding strategies. Results Herein, we have developed a nanoplatforms Cy-NMNO@SiO2 based on mesoporous silica materials loaded NIR-activatable small-molecule fluorescent probe Cy-NMNO for the synergistic treatment of photodynamic therapy/gas therapy (PDT/GT) in antibacterial and skin cancer. The theoretical calculation results showed that the low dissociation of N-NO in Cy-NMNO enabled it to dissociate effectively under NIR light irradiation, which is conducive to produce Cy and NO. Cy showed better 1O2 generation performance than Cy-NMNO. The cytotoxicity of Cy-NMNO obtained via the synergistic effect of GT and PDT synergistically enhances the effect of photodynamic therapy, thus achieving more effective tumor treatment and sterilization than conventional PDT. Moreover, the nanoplatforms Cy-NMNO@SiO2 realized efficient drug loading and drug delivery. Conclusions This work not only offers a promising approach for PDT-GT synergistic drug delivery system, but also provides a valuable reference for the design of its drug molecules. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Photodynamic therapy
• Nanoplatforms
• Mesoporous silica materials
• Small-molecule photosensitizers
• Nitric oxide release