PLoS ONE (Jan 2016)

Inflammatory Markers and Immune Response to Pneumococcal Vaccination in HIV-Positive and -Negative Adults.

  • Anita S Iyer,
  • Noor M Khaskhely,
  • David J Leggat,
  • Jennifer A Ohtola,
  • Jessica L Saul-McBeth,
  • Sadik A Khuder,
  • M A Julie Westerink

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150261
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11, no. 3
p. e0150261

Abstract

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BACKGROUND:Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-superfamily have speculated roles in the response against T-independent type II antigens (TI-II) including pneumococcal polysaccharides (PPS). Dysregulation in their expression is associated with an enhanced risk for pneumococcal disease in neonates but their expression in other high-risk populations including HIV-positive individuals remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE:To investigate signals that contribute towards PPS-response and identify potential anomalies that may account for diminished serological response in HIV-positive individuals post Pneumovax (PPV23) immunization. METHODS:Markers of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, sCD27 and sCD30, were assessed in HIV-positive and -negative individuals as potential predictors of PPV23 response. Serum levels of B cell activating factor (BAFF), transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cytophilin ligand interactor (TACI), B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and B cell expression of BAFF-R, TACI, BCMA, CD40 and CD21 were assessed in total (unselected) and PPS23F (antigen)-specific B cells of PPV23 immunized HIV-positive and -negative individuals. RESULTS:CRP, sCD27, sCD30 and BAFF were significantly elevated in the serum of HIV-positive individuals but did not adversely affect PPV23 response. Assessment of PPS-specific B cells revealed enhanced TACI and reduced BAFF-R expression compared to unselected B cells in HIV-positive and -negative individuals. Surface TACI was similar but soluble TACI was significantly lower in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals. CONCLUSION:Current studies highlight a potential role for TACI in PPV23 response based on its enhanced expression on PPS-specific B cells. Although surface levels of TACI were similar, diminished soluble TACI (sTACI) in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative individuals could potentially decrease BAFF responsiveness and Ig response. A better understanding of the role of TNF receptors could contribute to the design of improved pneumococcal vaccines. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02515240.