Impacts of dry swing intervention on bat speed and attack angle: an analysis of core intervention factors

Abstract

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IntroductionThis study investigated the effects of dry swing intervention using differently weighted baseball bats on bat speed and attack angles during actual swing, simulating warm-up routines. Additionally, it explored core kinematic factors impacting subsequent bat speed and attack angles.MethodsSixty-nine baseball players were allocated by stratified randomization into three groups—normal-weight, weight, and reduced-weight—within their respective age categories. Bat swing kinematics were collected using BLAST, while bodily kinematics were captured with Rebocap sensors. Differences between pre- and post-tests were analyzed, and core intervention factors were identified with an XGBoost model and SHAP-based additive explanations.ResultsNo significant bat speed differences were found, but attack angles varied significantly in the normal-weight bat group for 12–14 year-olds (p = 0.027, ES = −0.315) and university players (p = 0.018, ES = 0.456). Core kinematic indicators included hip internal rotation (p = 0.007, ES = 0.990) and inclination angle (p = 0.023, ES = 0.184) showed significant differences, including and for the 12–14 age group using normal-weight bats, and hip external rotation (p = 0.045, ES = 1.619) for the 14–16 age group using weighted bats.DiscussionPost-test attack angles were impacted by intervention elevation and inclination angles, particularly for non-long-term bats. Adolescent athletes with shorter training term should avoid weight or reduced-weight bats for warm-up swings.

Keywords

• dry swing intervention
• bat speed
• attack angle
• intervention factor
• machine learning