Variability of chromosome number and morphology and gymnosperm improvement

Abstract

The causes of monotypic and polytypic variability of the gymnosperm chromosome complex were studied. The development of karyogram and idiograms of the species should be applied in the aim of upgrading the breeding method and technique. The study of the chromosome variability depends on the knowledge on gene function at the level of chromosome and at the level of genome, i.e. at the supra-chromosome level.

Keywords

• gymnosperms
• variability
• chromosomes
• karyotype
• idiogram
• breeding