Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine, and Pyronaridine: In Vitro Activity against SARS-CoV‑2 and Potential Mechanisms

• Ana C. Puhl,
• Ethan J. Fritch,
• Thomas R. Lane,
• Longping V. Tse,
• Boyd L. Yount,
• Carolina Q. Sacramento,
• Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues,
• Tatyana Almeida Tavella,
• Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa,
• Stuart Weston,
• James Logue,
• Matthew Frieman,
• Lakshmanane Premkumar,
• Kenneth H. Pearce,
• Brett L. Hurst,
• Carolina Horta Andrade,
• James A. Levi,
• Nicole J. Johnson,
• Samantha C. Kisthardt,
• Frank Scholle,
• Thiago Moreno L. Souza,
• Nathaniel John Moorman,
• Ralph S. Baric,
• Peter B. Madrid,
• Sean Ekins

Affiliations

Ana C. Puhl

Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Ethan J. Fritch

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Thomas R. Lane

Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Longping V. Tse

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Boyd L. Yount

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Carolina Q. Sacramento

Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues

Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Tatyana Almeida Tavella

Laboratory of Tropical DiseasesProf. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil

Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa

Laboratory of Tropical DiseasesProf. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil

Stuart Weston

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

James Logue

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Matthew Frieman

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Lakshmanane Premkumar

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Kenneth H. Pearce

Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Brett L. Hurst

Institute for Antiviral Research, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States

Carolina Horta Andrade

Laboratory of Tropical DiseasesProf. Dr. Luiz Jacinto da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil

James A. Levi

Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Nicole J. Johnson

Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Samantha C. Kisthardt

Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Frank Scholle

Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States

Thiago Moreno L. Souza

Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Nathaniel John Moorman

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Ralph S. Baric

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Peter B. Madrid

SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States

Sean Ekins

Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Raleigh, North Carolina, United States