Three-Dimensional Thermal Simulations of 18650 Lithium-Ion Batteries Cooled by Different Schemes under High Rate Discharging and External Shorting Conditions
Yang Li,
Zhifu Zhou,
Jian Zhao,
Liang Hao,
Minli Bai,
Yulong Li,
Xuanyu Liu,
Yubai Li,
Yongchen Song
Affiliations
Yang Li
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Zhifu Zhou
State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Jian Zhao
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
Liang Hao
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Minli Bai
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Yulong Li
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Xuanyu Liu
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Yubai Li
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Yongchen Song
Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
In this work, three-dimensional thermal simulations of single 18650 lithium-ion battery cell and 75 V lithium-ion battery pack composed of 21 18650 battery cells are performed based on a multi-scale multi-domain (MSMD) battery modeling approach. Different cooling approaches’ effects on 18650 lithium-ion battery and battery pack thermal management under fast discharging and external shorting conditions are investigated and compared. It is found that for the natural convection, forced air cooling, and/or mini-channel liquid cooling approaches, the temperature of battery cell easily exceeds 40 °C under 3C rate discharging condition. While under external shorting condition, the temperature of cell rises sharply and reaches the 80 °C in a short period of time, which can trigger thermal runaway and may even lead to catastrophic battery fire. On the other hand, when the cooling method is single-phase direct cooling with FC-72 as coolant or two-phase immersed cooling by HFE-7000, the cell temperature is effectively limited to a tolerable level under both high C rate discharging and external shorting conditions. In addition, two-phase immersed cooling scheme is found to lead to better temperature uniformity according to the 75 V battery pack simulations.
