The effect of iron therapy on oxidative stress and intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases: A review on the conundrum
R. Loveikyte,
A.R. Bourgonje,
H. van Goor,
G. Dijkstra,
A.E. van der Meulen – de Jong
Affiliations
R. Loveikyte
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Corresponding author. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Stafsecretariaat MDL (t.a.v. Drs. R. Loveikyte), Albinusdreef 2 – C4P, 2300RC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
A.R. Bourgonje
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
H. van Goor
Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
G. Dijkstra
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
A.E. van der Meulen – de Jong
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
One in five patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) suffers from anemia, most frequently caused by iron deficiency. Anemia and iron deficiency are associated with worse disease outcomes, reduced quality of life, decreased economic participation, and increased healthcare costs. International guidelines and consensus-based recommendations have emphasized the importance of treating anemia and iron deficiency. In this review, we draw attention to the rarely discussed effects of iron deficiency and iron therapy on the redox status, the intestinal microbiota, and the potential interplay between them, focusing on the clinical implications for patients with IBD. Current data are scarce, inconsistent, and do not provide definitive answers. Nevertheless, it is imperative to rule out infections and discern iron deficiency anemia from other types of anemia to prevent untargeted oral or intravenous iron supplementation and potential side effects, including oxidative stress. Further research is necessary to establish the clinical significance of changes in the redox status and the intestinal microbiota following iron supplementation.
