Primary wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed texture

Abstract

The results of some physical properties three domestic wheat cultivars are presented in this paper. Three axial dimensions of the seed length, width and thickness were measured only at equilibrium moisture content. The length of Simonida kernel is 5.2-5.7 mm, Dragana 5.1-6.0 mm and NS 40S is 5.0-5.9 mm. The other two dimensions are similar within the varieties: the width is 2.3-2.8 mm, 2.0-3.0 mm and 2.2-3.0 mm for Simonida, Dragana and NS 40S respectively. The thickness for Simonida seed is 1.9-2.4 mm, Dragana has 1.9-2.7 mm and NS 40S kernel dimension is 2.0-3.4 mm. Those surveying indicate that the shape of kernels is rather prolong elliptical then spheroid. This conclusion confirms the sphericity of the grains, so this value for Simonida cultivar is 0.57 as well as for Dragana, while NS 40S seed shpericity is 0.6. The bulk densities are 791.34 kg/m3, 788.51 kg/m3 and 731.77 kg/m3 for Simonida, Dragana and NS 40S. The porosity of Simonida kernels is 28.28%, for Dragana 31.46% and for NS 40S is 31.59%. The results of slow compressive test demonstrate that Simonida and Dragana are hard wheat. The highest value of mean rapture force of 244.4 N was observed for Simonida variety at the 13.6% of moisture content. Cultivar Dragana value of mean rapture force was 241.4 N at 13.3% of moisture content and cultivar NS 40S had mean rapture force of 106.8 N at 14.1% grain moisture content.

Keywords

• wheat
• physical properties
• compression test