Journal of Materials Research and Technology (Sep 2022)
Biodegradable Mg-based implants obtained via anodic oxidation applicable in dentistry: Preparation and characterization
Abstract
Constant dentistry development causes a need for modern biomaterials with advanced properties. Commonly used titanium-based implants although characterized by satisfying durability, biocompatibility and bioinertness do not meet all the requirements for novel medical devices. Nowadays, the most attractive implants must meet such requirements as biocompatibility, bioactivity and susceptibility to biodegradation which are unobtainable for these Ti-derived ones, thus magnesium biomaterials are considered as the metallic medical devices of latest generation. However, unmodified Mg implants undergo uncontrolled biocorrosion and may mismatch with bone tissue formation. Therefore, development of Mg-based biomaterials of controlled properties is a priority. Anodic modification is a promising technique for metallic materials modification to increase their biological responses and applicability in biomedical areas. In this paper, a successful modification of Mg implants has been carried out via high-voltage anodization process resulting in the preparation of novel biomaterials with interesting properties and high potential in dental applications. Superficial oxidation was confirmed by XRD and XRF analyses. Surface morphology was investigated by SEM microscopy proving suitable for cells adhesion microstructure. In vitro incubation study showed that the biomaterials promote apatites’ formation due to highly porous morphology and locally increased pH enhancing biomineralization via calcium and phosphates ions migration, adsorption and crystallization. Biodegradation tests proved increased resistance to hydrolysis in simulated body fluids due to the surface passivation. Further investigation on biocorrosion revealed improved tolerance to human body conditions. Finally, cell culture study carried out on L929 mouse fibroblasts confirmed superior to native magnesium biocompatibility showing a high potential of newly developed implants in the field of dentistry.
