The Antecedents and Consequences of Using Online Learning in Elementary School During a Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Abstract This study aims to trace and examine the antecedent perspectives and the consequences of online learning portraits in elementary schools during the pandemic by reviewing research articles published in reputable journals. Due to educators' efforts to reduce learning loss, it is hoped that it will be able to become an analytical force concerning driving causes and influencing factors. This research used a systematic literature review approach which uses published resources in the form of books, journals, and other scientific works. Analytical techniques are carried out through descriptive analysis techniques from online literature searches. In addition to using traceability, researchers also use biometric techniques with the VosViewer Visualization application. The goal is to biometrically map variables that are closely related to antecedents and consequences. After searching on Google Scholar, Ebsco, and Crossref using the keywords “Online Learning” AND “Pandemic Covid” AND “Learning Loss, researchers found 100 reputable journal articles (indexed by Scopus) that were relevant to the keyword. Of the 100 journal articles found, 22 journal articles were screened, while 22 journal articles were excluded because there were no full-text articles. As a result of the feasibility or compatibility examination of 78 full-text journals, 68 articles were found to be unfit due to duplications and/or failure to match the criteria, leaving 10 full-text journal articles that could be examined. The result obtained from the data analysis is that the factors of using online learning are the replacement of learning spaces in the classroom becoming classless and limitless. Besides that, the readiness in adapting online learning is also an important part of the expected changes because teachers are expected to also be able to accompany students in online learning. However, what is still found in some articles is the speed and ability of the school internet network which is also a driver for optimizing the use of online learning. The consequence is that emergency online learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic makes teachers have to practice special skills in adapting to technological developments, so teachers at the elementary level also need special training, either in program preparation or in continuous professional development, to create online course content that can be used by all students.

Keywords

• online learning
• learning loss
• elementary school
• antecedents
• consequences.