Adsorption Kinetics and Isotherm Study of Basic Red 5 on Synthesized Silica Monolith Particles
Sultan Alam,
Barkat Ullah,
Muhammad Sufaid Khan,
Najeeb ur Rahman,
Luqman Khan,
Luqman Ali Shah,
Ivar Zekker,
Juris Burlakovs,
Anna Kallistova,
Nikolai Pimenov,
Erkata Yandri,
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi,
Yahya Jani,
Muhammad Zahoor
Affiliations
Sultan Alam
Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan
Barkat Ullah
Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan
Muhammad Sufaid Khan
Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan
Najeeb ur Rahman
Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan
Luqman Khan
Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan
Luqman Ali Shah
National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry (NCE), University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
Ivar Zekker
Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila St., 50411 Tartu, Estonia
Juris Burlakovs
Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 5 Kreutzwaldi St., 51014 Tartu, Estonia
Anna Kallistova
Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Nikolai Pimenov
Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Build. 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Erkata Yandri
Graduate School of Renewable Energy, Darma Persadha University, Jl. Taman Malaka, Selatan, East Jakarta Timur, Capital Special. Region, Jakarta 13450, Indonesia
Roy Hendroko Setyobudi
Department of Agriculture Science, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Yahya Jani
Unit of Built Environment and Environmental Science, Department of Urban Studies, Malmö University, 211 19 Malmö, Sweden
Muhammad Zahoor
Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower 18800, Pakistan
The Silica monolith particles (SMP) were prepared from Tetra-Methyl-Ortho-Silicate (TMOS) and characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and surface area analyzer. FTIR analysis showed the Si−O stretching confirming SMP formation. SEM analysis provided information about the mean diameter of SMP (1−5 µm). EDX confirmed the presence of silicon and oxygen in the SMP. Moreover, the calculated surface area for SMP was found to be around 367 m2/g, whereas BJH pore size distributed particles were 87.15 along with the total pore volume and pore radius of 0.073 cm3/g and 16.627 Å, respectively. Besides, the removal efficiency was found to be about 96%. Various kinetic equations were used to calculate the adsorption parameters. Overall, the results show that the most appropriate model for the kinetics data was the pseudo-second order kinetics model while the mechanism of adsorption was best explained by the Langmuir isotherm. The highest removal of Basic Red 5 dye after 120 min at 298 K was 576 mg/g. Moreover, the thermodynamics parameters (Enthalpy, Gibb’s energy, and Entropy) were also estimated. The ΔH° (0.995 kJ/mol) value depicted the endothermic nature of the process. The non-spontaneous aspect of the process was evident from the ΔG° values which were 60.431, 328.93, and 339.5 kJ/mol at 293, 303, and 313 K, respectively. From the high removal efficiency value, it can be concluded that the prepared adsorbent can be a potential adsorbent in the reclamation of dyes from wastewater.
